According to school records, he has an I.Q. Many teachers remembered him as difficult. Fischer attended Erasmus Hall High School together with Barbra Streisand, though he later dropped out.
Fischer spent much time at Collins' house, and some have described Collins as a father figure for Fischer. Collins had taught several top players, including Robert Byrne and William Lombardy. When Fischer was 13, his mother asked John W. At age 7, he joined the Brooklyn Chess Club and was taught by the club's president, Carmine Nigro.
For over a year he played chess on his own. He saw his first chess book a month later.
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In May 1949, six-year-old Fischer learned how to play chess from instructions found in a chess set that his sister bought at a candy store below their Brooklyn apartment. The following year they moved to Brooklyn, New York, where Regina worked as an elementary school teacher and nurse. In 1948, the family moved to Mobile, Arizona, where Regina taught in an elementary school. The Fischers divorced in 1945 when their son was two years old, and Fischer grew up with his mother and older sister, Joan. (On whether Fischer should be considered to be Jewish, see Who is a Jew?.) In 1984, he wrote to Encyclopedia Judaica, denying he was Jewish. Later, FBI research determined that although Fischer's mother had returned to the United States from the Soviet Union in 1939, her first husband never entered the country after that date, making it improbable that Fischer, born in 1943, was Hans-Gerhardt Fischer's child.Īlthough at least one of his parents was Jewish, Fischer has vehemently denied being a Jew in several public interviews, and blames the mischaracterization on a "Jewish conspiracy" to defame him. Nemenyi paid child support for Fischer during his infancy and early childhood. Although Hans-Gerhardt Fischer is listed as the father on Robert Fischer's birth certificate, a 2002 article in The Philadelphia Inquirer stated that Fischer's biological father was Paul Felix Nemenyi, a Hungarian Jewish physicist who fled Europe after the Nazis came to power and who worked on the Manhattan Project on the development of the atomic bomb. His father was listed on the birth certificate as Wender's first husband, Hans-Gerhardt Fischer, a German biophysicist the couple married in 1933 in Moscow, U.S.S.R., where Wender was studying medicine at the First Moscow Medical Institute. Louis, Missouri, and later became a teacher, registered nurse, and physician. His mother, Regina Wender, was a naturalized American citizen of German ancestry who was born in Switzerland, raised in St. In the past, he was said to have Jewish Polish ancestry through his mother, but this he denies and his name has been removed from Encyclopedia Judaica. Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago, Illinois. His opponent was portrayed, in the United States in particular, as the product of an impersonal, mechanical, and oppressive system of state control, while Fischer was the solitary genius overcoming the Soviets' claim to dominance. Despite his prolonged absence from competitive play, or perhaps because of it, Fischer is still among the best known of all chess players.įischer's victory over the Soviet champion Boris Spassky to win the world championship in the " Match of the Century" was seen as a symbolic victory for the West that catalyzed interest in the game internationally. įischer is also well-known for his eccentricity and unconventional behavior, anti-Americanism, anti-imperialism, anti-Semitism, and outspoken political views. Garry Kasparov wrote that of all world champions of chess, the skill gap between Fischer and his contemporaries was the largest in history. In 1975, he officially lost the title when FIDE, the international chess federation, refused to accept his conditions for a title defense. Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (born March 9, 1943) is a grandmaster and former world chess champion, who on September 1, 1972, became the first and as yet only US-born chess player to win the World Chess Championship.
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